Microbial growth and contamination ("Biofouling") in water systems represents a significant threat to the quality of waters produced for the microelectronic, ph

Biocorrosion refers to corrosion influenced by bacteria adhering to surfaces in biofilms. Biocorrosion is a major problem in areas such as cooling systems and m

Biofouling is a costly problem, and it is encountered in a wide spectrum of technical systems, ranging from the shipping industry, power industry, water purific