Download or read book Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa written by Stanley Cramp and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This entirely authoritative nine-volume work of reference was planned to take account of the great advances that have been made in ornithological knowledge, and in particular to reflect the wider geographic base of modern ornithological studies. The definitive work (which is concluded by Volume IX) contains descriptions of over 770 species of birds occurring in the Western Palearctic. Sections are included on field characters, habitat, distribution, mortality, population (with maps showing the breeding and wintering areas), movements,food, social pattern and behaviour, breeding, voice, plumages, moults, measurements, weights, structure, and geographical variation.