The natural social behavior of large groups of animals, such as flocks of birds, schools of fish, or colonies of ants has fascinated scientists for hundreds of

Over the past two decades, swarm intelligence has emerged as a powerful approach to solving optimization as well as other complex problems. Swarm intelligence m

Artificial intelligence is a constantly advancing field that requires models in order to accurately create functional systems. The use of natural acumen to crea

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2011, the Thirty-first SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications

Artificial intelligence is a constantly advancing field that requires models in order to accurately create functional systems. The use of natural acumen to crea