This book represents the first comprehensive study of the evolution of parties and party systems in all nine democratic European states with less than one milli

Why are small states statistically more likely to have a democratic political system? By addressing this question from a qualitative and comparative methodologi

This book looks at the organization and strategy of state-wide parties from across some of the most important multi-layered countries in Western Europe. The vol

Party System Closure maps trends in interparty relations in Europe from 1848 until 2019. It investigates how the length of democratic experience, the institutio

Party System Closure maps trends in interparty relations in Europe from 1848 until 2019. It investigates how the length of democratic experience, the institutio