These images, which reached a broad and socially varied audience across Western Europe, appeared in virtually all artistic media, including illuminated manuscri

Medieval Christian writers distorted the teachings of Islam and caricatured its believers in a variety of ways. This book provides a comprehensive study of Chri

Medieval Christian writers distorted the teachings of Islam and caricatured its believers in a variety of ways. This book provides a comprehensive study of Chri

This book explores the ways in which discourses of religious, racial, and national identity blur and engage each other in the medieval West. Specifically, the b