In this groundbreaking new study, Lowell Nissen explores the use of teleological language in the study of subjects such as behaviorism, negative feedback, and n

Teleological thinking has been steadfastly resisted by modern biology. And yet, in nearly every area of research biologists are hard pressed to find language th

Proceedings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science 1969/1972

The natural world is infinitely complex and hierarchically structured, with smaller units forming the components of progressively larger systems: molecules make

In Aristotle's teleological view of the world, natural things come to be and are present for the sake of some function or end (for example, wings are present in