“Conflict” is a phenomenon as old as human history. Although the actors and reasons have changed, conflicts have occurred in every period of history. In the

Recent regional and global crises have changed the structure of international relations and cause countries to be inconsistent in their policies. Examples of th

First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Understanding of the theories that underpin international political economy (IPE), and their practical applications, is crucial to the study of international re