The author explores why a large number of international organizations adopted sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa despite strategic and econo

In recent decades there have been several constructivist scholars who have looked at how norms change in international relations. However few have taken a close

Examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms at the intersection between international relations and international law.

Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles sketch the primary theoretical perspectives on international norm change, the 'legalisation' and 'transnational activist' app

Over recent decades International Relations scholars have investigated norm dynamics processes at some length, with the ‘norm entrepreneur’ concept having b