This open access book is about the perception of the independence of the judiciary in Europe. Do citizens and judges see its independence in the same way? Do ju

This open access book deals with Article 7 TEU measures, court proceedings, financial sanctions and the EU Rule of Law Framework to protect EU values with a par

Judicial independence is generally understood as requiring that judges must be insulated from political life. The central claim of this work is that far from st

In 2009 and 2010, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights underwent reforms to their judicial appointments processes, with the resu