This authored monograph introduces a genuinely theoretical approach to biology. Starting point is the investigation of empirical biological scaling including th

Since Darwin, Biology has been framed on the idea of evolution by natural selection, which has profoundly influenced the scientific and philosophical comprehens

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Individuals are things that everybody knows—or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an

This book argues that evolution arises from the activities of organisms as agents, not from the replication of genes.